Homomorphic Encryption Resources

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Educational resources to pursue a career, develop skills, and stay up-to-date in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE).

*Image from Securing Machine Learning Workflows through Homomorphic Encryption https://securing.ai/ai-security/homomorphic-encryption-ml/

• HomomorphicEncryption.org  global community fostering standardization and interoperability of HE libraries and practices, with links to libraries.  https://homomorphicencryption.org/
• FHE.org  global community with MeetUps and recorded presentations.  https://fhe.org/

• A Decade (or so) of fully homomorphic encryption, by Craig Gentry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=487AjvFW1lk&ab_channel=IACR
• 001 Introduction to Homomorphic Encryption w/ Pascal Paillier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umqz7kKWxyw&ab_channel=FHE_org
• FHE.org Resources, a large collection of recorded presentations, primarily more technical.  https://fhe.org/resources
• Zama YouTube Channel, accessible videos and tutorials  https://www.youtube.com/@zama_fhe/videos
   

• Zama Blog  updates on TFHE, concrete libraries, and FHE-based machine learning tools.  https://www.zama.ai/blog 
• Crypto Stack Exchange Community-driven Q&A with occasional posts on HE-specific algorithms, libraries, and use cases. https://crypto.stackexchange.com/search?q=FHE
• Niobium Microsystems Blog https://niobiummicrosystems.com/insights/blog/
   

OpenFHE CKKS, BGV, BFV, and FHEW/TFHE Libraries — The leading open-source FHE library, developed by a consortium including Duality Technologies, MIT, Samsung, and Intel.

• Website: https://openfhe.org/ 
• The OpenFHE library with C++ API: https://github.com/openfheorg/openfhe-development
• OpenFHE Python wrapper: https://github.com/openfheorg/openfhe-python
• OpenFHE Rust wrapper:  https://github.com/fairmath/openfhe-rs

Zama TFHE Libraries  — A cryptography company building practical FHE tools centered on TFHE, with a focus on machine learning and blockchain use cases. Zama also co-founded and drives much of the FHE.org community.

• Website: https://www.zama.ai/
• TFHE-rs: https://github.com/zama-ai/tfhe-rs Rust-based FHE framework focused on TFHE with support for privacy-preserving machine learning.
• Concrete: https://github.com/zama-ai/concrete Python
• Concrete-ML: https://github.com/zama-ai/concrete-ml Concrete + Machine Learning
• fhEVM: https://github.com/zama-ai/fhevm-solidity enables confidential smart contracts on the EVM in solidity.

HEIR (Homomorphic Encryption Intermediate Representation) — Google's open-source MLIR-based FHE compiler toolchain. HEIR aims to be an industry-standard compiler for FHE.

• Website:  https://heir.dev/
• GitHub: https://github.com/google/heir

Lattigo — a Go-based FHE library from EPFL supporting CKKS, BGV, and multiparty FHE. Increasingly popular for cloud and multiparty use cases.

• GitHub: https://github.com/tuneinsight/lattigo

HEAAN / HEaaN (CryptoLab) — the canonical CKKS implementation from the scheme's original creators at Seoul National University, now maintained by CryptoLab.

• Website: https://www.cryptolab.co.kr/en/products-en/heaan-he/
• GitHub: https://github.com/snucrypto/HEAAN

Microsoft SEAL

• Website: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/microsoft-seal/ 
• GitHub: https://github.com/microsoft/SEAL widely-used C++ library for BFV and CKKS schemes, with extensive documentation.

HElib

• GitHub: https://github.com/homenc/HElib C++ library supporting BGV and CKKS schemes, designed for general-purpose homomorphic encryption